I have experimented with startup GPO scripts and have been able to interact with them. What I have not tested is whether it can access a specific network share at that point. I would suggest that rather than assume it can, put some checks and logging in the script to remove all doubt. For example, try copying the file to a local folder and then see if it is there. There is also the possibility that the particular EXE requires a real user to be logged on.
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